An investigation of regional economic disparities in Nigeria: A case study comparing Northern and Southern states (2000–2020).
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Background of the Study :
Regional economic disparities in Nigeria have long been a source of socio-economic tension and developmental imbalance. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, significant differences in income levels, infrastructure development, and industrial growth have been observed between the Northern and Southern states (Amadi, 2023). These disparities are influenced by historical, cultural, and policy factors that affect resource allocation and economic opportunities. While Southern states have benefited from diversified economic activities and better access to modern infrastructure, many Northern states continue to face challenges such as lower educational attainment, limited industrialization, and infrastructural deficits (Nwosu, 2024). This study examines the extent and underlying causes of these regional differences by analyzing key economic indicators and policy frameworks. It also explores the role of government interventions in addressing regional imbalances and promoting equitable development. The findings are expected to provide insights into strategies that can bridge the economic divide and foster sustainable growth across all regions (Balogun, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
The persistent economic divide between Northern and Southern states in Nigeria poses significant challenges to national unity and sustainable development. Despite various government initiatives aimed at reducing regional disparities, the gap in income levels, infrastructure, and industrial growth remains substantial. The underlying causes of these imbalances, including historical neglect, policy misalignment, and resource misallocation, are yet to be fully understood. This study aims to critically investigate the factors contributing to regional economic disparities and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing interventions in reducing these differences (Amadi, 2023; Nwosu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
To compare key economic indicators between Northern and Southern states.
To identify the primary factors driving regional disparities.
To recommend policies for reducing the economic divide.
Research Questions:
What are the major differences in economic performance between the regions?
Which factors contribute most significantly to these disparities?
What policy measures can effectively address regional imbalances?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Significant disparities exist between Northern and Southern states.
H2: Historical and policy factors are major contributors to regional differences.
H3: Targeted government interventions can reduce regional economic disparities.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it provides a comprehensive analysis of regional economic disparities in Nigeria. By comparing the North and South, the research highlights the critical factors that contribute to developmental imbalances. The insights gained will guide policymakers in designing targeted interventions to promote equitable growth and reduce regional tensions, thereby fostering national unity and sustainable development (Balogun, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of Terms:
– Regional Economic Disparities: Differences in economic performance across geographic regions.
– Economic Indicators: Quantitative measures used to assess economic performance.
– Northern and Southern States: Geopolitical zones in Nigeria used for comparative analysis.
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